Sleeping Partner free essay sample

First , there must be 2 or more persons carrying on business. Second, the business is carrying on in common and the third is â€Å" the carrying on of business in common with a view of profits†. All of these elements are importance to relate whether Karim and Azmi are carrying on business or not. Therefore, in this situation between Karim and Azmi, clear that they are carrying on business because they formed an association, not merely preparing to carry on business. The second element of section 3(1) is related to the contract that Karim and Azmi agreed. The contract provide that Karim will have sole control, supervision and management in the association while Azmi will be as a sleeping partner. The words of â€Å" in common† means that that the business of a partnership is to be carry on in common. So, this matter needed or require the involvement of partners in the business, so this means Karim and Azmi are in the same venture together for a common purpose. But, the requirement for business to be carried on in common does not mean that the partners must participate in the conduct of business, as some partner may be inactive such as Azmi, as a sleeping partner that do not involve in the management of their association. The third elements of section 3(1) is importance to prove which is Karim and Azmi agreed to carrying the business in common with a view of profits. The fact that Karim and Azmi shares profits and losses is very importance consideration to proof that the partnership exist between them. Beside that, another way to prove whether Karim and Azmi are partnership or not we have to look at the meaning of sleeping partner. Before we look at the meaning of it we should know that actually there is two types of partner which are the active partner and the passive partner. An active or general partner is a partner that take an active part in the management of the business in the absence of any agreement, express or implied, to the contrary. Based on the situation given we can see that Karim is an active partner because he have the sole control, supervision and management to the association. Meanwhile, passive partners or usually reformed to as a sleeping partner or dormant partner. A passive usually has no say in the administration or management of the firm or in easy words is dormant partners takes no active part in the management of the business. A dormant partner also, is commonly, but not necessarily, a concealed partner. His concealment however does not give him any special immunity from the liability of partners for aspect performed by any partner within the scoped of apparent authority. A concealed partner will be liable in the same way as an â€Å"ordinary† partner. So, in the situation we can see that Azmi as a sleeping partner because he has not involve in the management of the association/ firm, he only provides the capital to the association based on the agreement that they have sign in . Moreover, if we look at the section 26 (e) of the Partnership Act 1961. Section 26(e) give the right to each partner to participate in the business of firm . Section 26 (e) provides that : Section 26 (e) : â€Å" Every partner may take part in the management of the partnership business†. Although section 26 (e) give the right to each partner to participate in the business of firm. This section actually not applicable to every partner that joined the business. I mean that not every partners have the skill, talent , interest or tendency in the management of the firm. Sometimes, it is better if the management itself need the proper or skilled partners or a manager that have being paid to manage the firm. So, the relation of this section to sleeping partner of a firm may be the persons who are not have skill or fully knowledge of the management of the firm. So, sleeping partner may only give the capital to support the firm business while the management of the firm will be manage by the partners who have skills and intellectual knowledge of business. Furthermore, if we look at the section 26(e), it is importance to explain the words â€Å"may take part† in the management of the partnership business†. The word â€Å"may† is not a must or an obligatory to every partner to take part in management of their business. To strengthen my argument, I will support my argument with a few case that relates to a sleeping partners. In the case of Pooley v Driver, as considered by Jessel M. R. that there could even be a dormant or sleeping partner who neither contributed capital, nor skill nor anything else. If a a dormant/ sleeping partner’s name is neither in the firm’s business name nor registered with the Registry of Business Names, he may not imposed liability on his co-partners, and such a partner cannot be responsible for acts of another co-partner acting outside the scope of his powers. Jessel M. R. lso defined that the dormant partners is a person who does not take an active part in the conduct of the business, and who may be, and often is, prohibiting from takin such part. Meanwhile, in the case of Beckam v Drake, the court held that sleeping partners liable for those acts of his co-partners, which not made in the course of the firm business since the sleeping partner do not known to the outside world as a partner, his act bind the firm where he has no actual authority to do that. So, from the two cases given we can understand that sleeping partner also is a partnership of the business which a sleeping partner also may be liable in the same way like as an active partner. In conclusion, from the explanation with support from the section and cases given above, Karim and Azmi are partnership based on ground that they have and agreement to share profits and losses in equal shares and there is no doubt that Azmi is a partner of partnership in their association although he is only a sleeping partner.

Introduction to Government and Politics for Multiculturalism

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Government and Politics for Multiculturalism. Answer: Multiculturalism to citizenship in Australian politics According to Metz, Australia is considered to be as that country where an ugly discrimination has been rising. Political leaders were not given much attention in the interest of good sense (Ng and Metz 2015). Australia have been shifting away from multiculturalism to citizenship in the era of politics. People of Australia have embraced life in the new multiethnic way but the constituency of the situation has grown steadily. The Australian theory of multiculturalism had been challenged as a policy and as well as a conceptual framework. Australia draws on the media commentary along with the work of specific and well-known researchers Thus, the values of the Australians and citizens gave their opinion on the existing anxieties about the portions of the population of Australia. The essay concludes stating how this country have shifted away to multiculturalism. Multiculturalism was a theory and concept of how to reply to the rising ethnocultural diversity of the society of Australia. It had resulted in the mass immigration over the last few decades and had therefore abandoned the racially restricted policies of immigration. The term multiculturalism refers to a number of policies and cultural diversities that coherent ideals of the society. This concept has had plenty of goals over the years, which included the recognition of identities and integration of migrants. However, this concept has taken place in Australia and has criticized it as a diverse policy. The Government of Australia have determined these under the policies of multicultural that play a vital role in the process of settling the immigrants. This theory explained this as the way for settling the migrants, welfare and social-cultural policy in Australia (Bloemraad 2015). This Government had established a vast variety of multiculturalist ideas, policies and concepts into the ad visory systems. The Minister had determined these policies and rules for providing a reform agenda to address the welfare problems (Peucker, Roose and Akbarzadeh 2014). The acceptance of the nature and kind of the multicultural Australian Society, it can be implied that the government had determined the values in of the immigrants as well as the existing citizens of the country (Meer and Modood 2016). The report that was created globally stated and concluded that all the members of the society must be provided with equal opportunities to realize the full potential and they should also have free access to the services and programs (Pruitt 2016). Secondly, every individual must be able to balance his or her respected kind of culture, which did not have any kind of demerit. It helps in encouraging and understanding other cultures. Thirdly, the programs and services that are available to the entire community of the country should fulfill the needs of the migrants. Proper and special pro grams and services must be present for ensuring the equality. Lastly, proper programs and services were designed in full session with the clients involved and they should be helpful. The Government agreed upon these policies and all the citizens were informed about it. The Australian Muslims were supported and they were made to be more integrated and connected with the other citizens present in the community or the country. In terms of employment, jobs, education, activities it is regarded as a significant method of prohibiting violence causing against Australia (Tan 2017). This work began a decade back in 2007 where Markus had polled for more than 40,000 people to find what everyone thinks about the Australia and its future. His work was to move around the country by briefing politicians, commentators and bureaucrats before forming the each new report. He was cautious about and against both despair and optimism. The swings of opinion were not considered to be dangerous as its been recognized here. However, the present report states that maximum number of Australians declines the notion of selecting immigrants by race (Blair 2015). Majority people of the country have faith in the fact that multiculturalism and believe that it is good for the country. There are approximately 74% of individuals who had declined to choose immigrants based on the religion. The number of migrants Australia takes every year is either considered to be too low or perfect. The majority support of mass immigration is remarkable as it helps the country. This is because of the glob al financial crisis especially and the political parties involved everywhere had demanded the governments of Australia to not allow the foreigners. Marcus had also observed that the concept of Brexit and President Trump of the United States had rode the fear to victory (Moran 2017). The numbers of immigration did not move much. It was used as a method or measure for making the changes in Australia. However, Scanlon had done his survey for the last one decade and have put effort in making the changes. There are people who were held out to be hostile to Islam. Plenty of Australians were rising by being unaffected and falling fears of terrorism (Levey 2017). Therefore, in such a situation, there is an alert possibility that in such a sensitive territory, individuals give response to the political leaders. The number of individuals who got disturbed by the Muslims was not a greater number. As a society, Australia was doing well. They were under the pressure and were also coping up with the challenges (Hbert 2016). Many have been through the negative effect of immigration. However, adapting multiculturalism is not considered to be an easy task by the existing members of the country. People of the country wanted a resource especially for the people who wanted to work for the constituency and the size. There was a collapse of belief in the government of Australia. Hence, it does not leave any traditional embankment against the panic of race (Ng and Metz 2015). In the year of 2015, as per the Scanlon survey, they found the condition to be worse for Australias African community. Maximum number of individuals have reported of being the targets of abuse or worse as compared to the previous year. This was a contradictory statement to the concept of multiculturalism. This was not due to the reason that everyone all across the population is associating themselves in the process of discrimination. Although there have been consequences in this concept of multiculturalism and the environment legitimates that (Walsh 2014). According to the political narratives there is only one nation that is considered to be the losers in the modern economy. His study states something different that their contempt for government and their deep loyalty lies with Australia. The people of Australia voted their political leaders based on how they want their way of life and culture (Meer and Modood 2016). Followers of Hanson had revealed of not being disturbed by the change of the climate or by social issues and drugs that are faced by the country. People of Australia were never really worried or troubled about the difference and gap between the rich and the poor. Instead they wanted to help and support the governments when it needed. They are not aware of the national security of the country. People of Australia have been applying these methods by executing the changes across the country. Individuals feel secured in the environment of their country. As observed, hostility is only one existing board to immigration. Immigration is treated to be the most challenging issue faced by Australia (Peucker, Roose and Akbarzadeh 2014). It is believed that immigrants should be declined based on the race and religion of those individuals. They have also been discriminated based on these two factors. However, they do not allocate such belief in majority of the Australians that welcoming immigrants from all the different countries will make them strong and a powerful country. It can be stated that it is a good thing for the citizens of Australia if they consider the fact that immigrants or people from different countries make them strong (Bloemraad and Wright 2014). As per the theory of Marcus, Australia is considered a country of the young. Maximum number of the young crowd believes that immigrants from all the location of the world is what makes Australia powerful. Very less number of people have opposed and have negative feelings for the Muslims (Bloemraad and Wright 2014). Other than that, 94% of young citizens believes the fact that multiculturalism helps, supports and makes the country strong. This will be regarded as a positive point and a good idea for the benefit of the Australia (Chisari 2015). It was not just about multiculturalism but Marcus stated that they were dealing with the occurrence of education and of the people associating with the outer world with the help of internet. This is because the young people belong to a different generation as compared to the generation of their parents. Therefore, people belonging from the young generation will add prosperity to the country (Ruez 2016). Young people are the considered to be the hope of the country. This generation does not consider the physical differences and race, which did not matter to them. They do not discriminate individuals based on their race and religion even if they belong from a different culture. This shows how the society have shifted and adapted new approaches in handling immigrants. A politician should be bothered about his country and how to make sufficient developments in the future. Under the policies of Australia that are subjected to law, every Australian individual have the right to express their personal beliefs and culture. The Government funds for settling the services that identifies the urgency and need for a few particular programs that are based on the principles and rules of participation. Presently, every Australian state and the existing territories have certain regulations that deal with the concept of multiculturalism. All the Australian state and territories governments have set up agencies and bodies that deal with the issues of the cultural diversity (Westlake 2016). As per the jurisdictions, there are approaches that are applied depending on the nature of the multicultural policy, principles and structures. The 2000 Act, explained an array of public authorities as per which the services of multicultural deliver the obligations that can be applied in the state owned undertakings. The concept of multiculturalism has been expanded in this Act (Jo hns, Mansouri and Lobo 2015). However, in the past one decade, Australia there have been compared to Europe and America that have been through the public anxiety that acted as a threat to the social confusion. This concept has been treated as both a concept and a theory. Hence, in this theory it was determined and argued that majority number of supporters of multiculturalism had divergence between the methods and approaches that were applied (Flew et al. 2017). It can be concluded stating that the Australian values have been shifted from the concept of multiculturalism. The last policy of the Government was related to the concept of established security that concerned about the consequences of terrorism as per the authors Bloemraad and Wright 2014. Therefore, the political leaders should not have any difficulty in presenting the multicultural Australia. Australia should not be stressed on the cultural diversity of the country as multiculturalism brings in innovation, ideas, achievement and skills that are suppose to be beneficial for the country. There have been confusion existing on multiculturalism that focuses on the policy of immigration. Different people have different cultural and occupational backgrounds. Plenty of individuals have expressed their concern about the immigrants. The confusion states that whether and how the Australian governments will associate themselves with the concept of multiculturalism in responding to the evolvi ng nature of Australian society at present and in future. This concept is good for the country, as it does not create any kind of confusion or trouble among the citizens of the country. It concludes stating that the research of the Committee must be positive about Australia for the growth, development and the process of implementation to an updated comprehensive multicultural policy. It highlights the increasingly cultural diverse of the society and suggested that Australia should strengthen the dimensions of race and culture. By doing so there will not be much differences between cultures existing in Australia. References: Blair, K., 2015. Young adults attitudes towards multiculturalism in Australia: tensions between the multicultural state and the intercultural citizen.Journal of Intercultural Studies,36(4), pp.431-449. Bloemraad, I. and Wright, M., 2014. Utter failure or unity out of diversity? Debating and evaluating policies of multiculturalism.International Migration Review,48(s1). Bloemraad, I., 2015. Theorizing and analyzing citizenship in multicultural societies.The Sociological Quarterly,56(4), pp.591-606. Chisari, M., 2015. Testing citizen identities: Australian migrants and the Australian values debate.Social Identities,21(6), pp.573-589. Flew, T., Harrington, S., Swift, A. and McNair, B., 2017.Politics, media and democracy in Australia: public and producer perceptions of the political public sphere. Routledge. Hbert, Y., 2016. Youth in Plural Cities, Multiculturalism and Citizenship: Policy Challenges and Opportunities.Foro de Educacin,14(20). Johns, A., Mansouri, F. and Lobo, M., 2015. Religiosity, citizenship and belonging: The everyday experiences of young Australian Muslims.Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs,35(2), pp.171-190. Levey, G.B., 2017. 1. multiculturalism Intercultural dialogue regime: pitfalls under a and possibilities in Australia.Interculturalism at the crossroads: comparative perspectives on concepts, policies and practices, p.105. Meer, N. and Modood, T., 2016. Interculturalism, Multiculturalism and Citizenship.Multiculturalism and Interculturalism. Debating the Dividing Lines, pp.27-52. Moran, A., 2017. Multiculturalism and Australian National Identity. InThe Public Life of Australian Multiculturalism(pp. 169-206). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Ng, E.S. and Metz, I., 2015. Multiculturalism as a strategy for national competitiveness: The case for Canada and Australia.Journal of Business Ethics,128(2), pp.253-266. Peucker, M., Roose, J.M. and Akbarzadeh, S., 2014. Muslim active citizenship in Australia: Socioeconomic challenges and the emergence of a Muslim elite.Australian Journal of Political Science,49(2), pp.282-299. Pruitt, L.J., 2016. Multiculturalism at play: young people and citizenship in Australia.Journal of Youth Studies,19(2), pp.269-285. Ruez, D., 2016. Working to appear: The plural and uneven geographies of race, sexuality, and the local state in Sydney, Australia.Environment and Planning D: Society and Space,34(2), pp.282-300. Tan, S.H. ed., 2017.Challenging citizenship: Group membership and cultural identity in a global age. Routledge. Walsh, J.P., 2014. The marketization of multiculturalism: Neoliberal restructuring and cultural difference in Australia.Ethnic and Racial Studies,37(2), pp.280-301. Westlake, D., 2016. Multiculturalism, political parties, and the conflicting pressures of ethnic minorities and far-right parties.Party Politics, p.1354068816678881.

One Day Diary free essay sample

My one day diary and its explanation Date: 18th June, 2008 The content Im feeling uneasy due to stomachache today. It may have happened due to cheap dry food in my lunch. In these days, my learning pace and study habit is decreasing, which have made me worried. Yesterday many of my friends proposed me to go to night dance bar and restaurant for new experience. Although my friends accused me saving money was my motto, I did not accept their proposal. Explanation of my diary events I begin my writing with my physical illness. My stomachache and uneasy feelings reminded me the western philosophy of mind and self. According to Thompson (2006), Plato describes the self by way of analogy with a city. Just comparing with city, he postulated, the self has three parts; the physical body with its appetites, which animates and drives it, and the thinking mind that rules it. We will write a custom essay sample on One Day Diary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He sees the ideal human life is as integrating its three distinct elements in a hierarchy. According to Thompson(2006), Aristotle sees the self as that which gives form and purpose to the physical body . The uneasy feeling is due to the interaction of mind with the physical body. My concerns towards my physical illness reminded me self care theory. The theory is about the personal health maintenance. It is any activity of an individual, family or community, with intention of improving or restoring health, or treating or preventing disease. Self-care includes all health decisions people (as individuals or consumers) make for themselves and their families to get and stay physically and mentally fit (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/health). In this diary, I have shown eagerness about my physical illness. As Im the leader of my family, I should be caring about the health situation of family members, but my own interest or my own problem of physical body is being the most important for me. That is, it is being the first issue of my health problem in my daily lives. This situation relates to Orems self-care theory. As Orem(1991) believes that an individual or client is a biological, psychological being with the potential for self-care, meaning a capacity or willingness to provide care for themselves towards the maintenance of life, health and well being. They may or may not be dependent on others. The notes of diary cover the essential happening and its importance in everyday life. Personal heath situation is y first priority in my daily lives that relates with the vision of Goel and Goel (2005), which emphasis that to make dream happens is to pay attention to individuals real needs. 1      This  document  was  prepared  by  BALAKRISHNA  CHAPAGAIN There is close relationship between health and self-care behavior. If each individual is responsible for his own life, then the concept of health may be as a human resource enabling a person to fulfill ambition s and goals in life (Orem,1971). The ideology has influenced my attitudes as I prioritized my health issues in the first hierarchy. I remembered the eastern and western culture and found contradictory when compare with my individual behavior. More individualistic themes tend to be found in western culture but more collectivist themes in eastern culture (Friedman and Schusreack, 2003). Individualists emphasize autonomy and independence where as collectivists emphasize on interdependent and group focused. But for me, I was influenced by western culture, that emphasizes in individualism. In these lines, I was not thinking about my family members health conditions. I believe on Hinduism and I am a follower of Hindu religion. The characteristic that focuses self at first and the family members at second priority may be influenced by Hindu ethics. As Karad (2001) in Dyaneshwara, A mantra for new millennium states that Hinduism teaches us about ones duty towards oneself, family and society. It advocates pious way of living ones life with purity of mind with as sense of full devotion to God, which will ultimately lead to salvation/liberation- Moksha. It means, being a fellow of Hinduism, there I found that I was influenced by this Hindu ethics and was caring first to myself and my family members after then. This indicates that cosmos of my beliefs and my personal behavior are as shadow of Hinduism or it could be the nature of human being as Nodding (1995) states that a man is responsible for himself, it does not mean that he is responsible for his own individuality, but that he is responsible for all men. The behavior is also explained by existentialism. Existentialisms first move is to make everyman aware of what he is and to make the full responsibility of his existence rest on him (Nodding, 1995). My behavior mentioned in the diary is reflected in existentialism. The behavior is also reflected by consequentialism. Gensler (1998) emphasis that consequentialism is the general view that we ought to do whatever has the best consequences for: a) Ourselves (egoism) b) Our group (Family and society members) c) All humans and d) All sentient beings (Utilitarianism) Im guessing the causes of my physical illness due to the effect of cheap food that I used that day. Taking cheap dry food was intended to save money by reducing the costs of daily food habit. My motives for 2      This  document  was  prepared  by  BALAKRISHNA  CHAPAGAIN taking cheap food may be the ultimate desire of saving money. For me only one and single way of increase in income is to reduce the expenses in daily need materials. The amount of income will be supportive for my household expenditures and it will contribute in higher education of my sons. These individual characteristics have reminded me the life cycle theory of consumption and savings according to which the marginal and average propensities to save grow as income rises. On the other hand, the life-cycle theory maintains that the level of savings depends on the age of consumers, and hence on the demographic structure of society rather than on the level of family income. The interests of kids and the adlutts may be entirely different. Gensler (1998) argues that each person has a unique and special potentialities that may or may not be fulfilled is alien to pre modern culure. Body awareness also includes awareness of requirement of exercises and diet (Giddens,1996). My saving interest by experiencing difficulties in present day to day life is certainlty influenced by modern culture with conflicting argues. Im worried about my health situation but the expenses in my diety food is getting low priority. It is reflected in Giddenss(1996) view as: overall lifestyle patterns, of course are less diverse than the plurality of choice available in day to day and even in longer term strategic decisions. The intention of less expenses reminded me the concepts of utilitiranism. I desired to save money by less expenses, so that it would be used to fulfill the needs of my family members. Happiness of my family members became my priority. For utilitarians, happiness is the greatest and most obvious human good, and an ethic should guide us toward producting as much happiness as possible (Noddings,1995). Classical utilitirans concerns are increasing the atio of happiness over pain. Hence my sickness about stomacheache is bearable for me over the future happiness of my family members. Here my general sense says that there is happiness when people are at least able to fulfill their present needs. The physical needs are the basis for generating happiness. Utilitarians see happiness as something disti nctly human. According to Noddings (1995), happiness could require of some people acts that others might regard as mere sacrifice. It means people become happy when they find others work for their satisfaction. Thus my disguised intention to save money carries the concepts of utilitarianism. My second idea embedded in that dairy is related to theory of life long learning. The pace and styles of learning may be different for individual to individual but the tendency of learning is applied to every individual. Hurlock(1976) indicates that one of the factors for learning to happen depends upon the personality pattern. According to her, the personality pattern is composed of traits, or specific qualities of behavior, which characterize the individuals unique adjustment to life in behavior and thoughts. A person as individual is different from every person. Personal interest and habits are formed due to surrounding environment, ancestors influence, traditional culture and personal character. For me, as my profession relates to educational environment, I must involve in learning activities. The existential theme in Socrates, 3      This  document  was  prepared  by  BALAKRISHNA  CHAPAGAIN stated in N. Noddings(1995) how should we live our lives is reflected in my feelings of the particular day . The trends toward an overt concern with educational standards, and attendant measures designed to address such worries, cannot and should not be viewed in isolation from the boarder picture. If I am not able to satisfy my consumers in the field of knowledge economy, they will reject me in terms of my services, eventually imposes me for development of learning attitude. Learning events would be possible through continuous learning behavior through training events. But Jarvis, Holford and Griffin (P. 4, 1998) say: Of course, training, as a concept, carried a much lower status than education, and so the word training has been gently buried- terms like human resource development have emerged and learning is placed at the center of the process. There has been a deliberate attempt to focus on learning rather than on providers or processes. It reveals that the learning events depend upon the interest and motives of the individual as well as the environment around. They emphasize that the process of learning has generally been understood to be the process through which individuals go in acquiring their knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, beliefs, emotions and senses. Either learning has been regarded as the process of transforming these experiences into human attributes, or – as behaviorists have suggested – learning is seen as the behavior exhibited because of learning. From these concepts, I found the following ideas from my diary. †¢ †¢ Consciousness about daily routine work in the sense of learning. Eagerness of learning and change My consciousness about daily routine work in the sense of learning shows that Im serious to my job nature. This is a nature of adult learning. Theory of adult learning states that, adults are motivated to learn because of their job nature. At the same time, Im not deeply involved in reading and learning activities and I am worried about my slow pace of learning as compared to my own expectation. There may be different reason behind it.

AP Biology Sample Essay Questions With Student Responses

AP Biology Sample Essay Questions With Student ResponsesAP Biology Sample Essay questions with student responses can give you valuable practice in presenting your answers. It is important that you take some time and really review the sample essays before you even begin the actual test. If you do not provide accurate answers, then your score will be useless. Remember that there are three possible grade ranges, which are A, B, and C.Since there are a lot of AP Biology sample essays, you should review each one to see what your possible grade ranges are. You can use your algebra skills and AP Calculus tips to help you evaluate the essay. If you are having trouble figuring out the essay, then you may want to try using an online AP Chemistry guide.The questions will be of four different question types, which include written, verbal, integrated, and multiple-choice. This will help you decide what type of questions you should expect to be taking on your test. You will also need to consider t he type of test you are taking. There are various types of exams that you can take, including the NAEP and ACT. It is important that you know about what type of exam you will be taking.Next, you will need to decide whether you want to take the exam in the current year or in the upcoming year. Some students may not want to take the exam at all because it can mean more money spent. However, if you plan on returning to take the exam then it is a good idea to pick a current year exam.Lastly, you need to plan a certain amount of time for taking the exam. One way to do this is to create a workable schedule, which includes setting aside specific times. You should always plan on taking breaks to eat something or to go to the bathroom, which will help you focus on the test. This will also help you avoid procrastinating and missing out on your next important class time.Most importantly, you will need to set aside time to practice your answers. Take as many practice tests as you can and rememb er to review everything you have written. This will make you more comfortable with the subject material and will help you understand how the essay will work.The last thing you need to do is try to get all of your answers right. It is OK to guess or make mistakes. With just a little bit of practice, you will be able to do well.As long as you get all of your answers right, then you will pass this test. Even if you miss some details, the ones that you take time to read will make up for it later. Taking care of these three points will help you study, prepare, and review.

Analysis of Southwest Airlines Essays

Analysis of Southwest Airlines Essays Analysis of Southwest Airlines Paper Analysis of Southwest Airlines Paper Analysis of Southwest Airlines Module: Business Management Vanessa Eelma Alyssa Julianna Farkas Thomas Schillinger Peter Lukacs Attila Radvanszki Adam Radvanszki 29th November, 2010 Word Count : XXXX Contents 1. Introduction3 2. Literature Review4 2. 1General Introduction of Theories Used4 2. 2SWOT Analysis4 2. 3External Factors4 2. 4Organizational Structures4 2. 5Hofstede’s Theory5 2. 6Cultural Elements5 2. 7Motivation5 3Analysis of Southwest Airlines5 3. 1Industry5 3. 2Company’s Overview6 3. 3SWOT Analysis7 . 4External Analysis8 3. 5Organizational Structure8 3. 6Hofstede’s Theory9 3. 7Organizational Culture9 3. 8Motivation10 4. Conclusion and Recommendations11 5. References11 6. Appendices13 1. Introduction The chosen company for the analysis is called Southwest Airlines. It’s operating in the tourism industry, providing air travel. The company’s main differentiating attribute from its competitors is the main reason for our choice. The business is known for its cabin crew and outstanding customer service. This is proven by numerous prizes and awards that the company has won in the last three decades. In 2008, TIME. com ranked the company as the #1 Friendliest Airlines. According to their website their aim is: â€Å"To get the passengers to their destination safely and comfortably with a laugh or two along the way†. It is their attitude that caught our attention and encouraged us to analyze it in a deeper matter. The organization allows their employees to be innovative and individual with their daily tasks and duties. This ensures a pleasant work environment for the employees who then provide a good service to the customers. One of the qualities of Southwest airlines is „to do things differently†- meaning for example the explaining of safety regulations is made more entertaining by the cabin crew’s rapping while the customers are clapping along with the beat. A clip on Youtube of the described scenario got over 300  000 views and put the Southwest Airlines in the media light. This shows how outstanding organizational thinking and great human relations in treating the employees as individuals and letting them contribute with innovation can create an authentically friendly image and trough that, differentiate from the competitors on the market and achieve success. We believe that Southwest Airlines is a very successful company in its industry, and will continue being it if the organization’s management sticks to this spirit and open minded way of thinking. 2. Literature Review 2. 1 General Introduction of Theories Used To strategically analyse an organization, there are certain analytical techniques that come in handy. Firstly, we have chosen the SWOT analysis to evaluate the internal and external components. More closely, we look into the details of the external factors to see how the business is affected by them. Secondly, we decided to get insights into the company’s structure and decision making process. Thirdly, we decided to analyse the cultural effects and factors through Hofstede’s theory. We also go into more details to comprehend the company’s national culture. Last but not least, we decided to see what kind of motivation systems are used in this company. 2. 2 SWOT Analysis According to Tatum (2010), the SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning tool that includes external and internal factors and is utilized by businesses and other organizations to ensure that there is a clear objective defined for the project or venture, and that all factors related to the effort positive and negative are identified and addressed. The process of SWOT involves four areas of consideration: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. 2. External Factors External factors of a business organisation can be divided into two parts: Macro-environment and Micro-environment. Macro-environment factors are the SLEPT factors: Social, Legal, Economic, Political and Technological. These factors affect the decisions of the managers. Micro-environment factors are much less controllable. Certain industries are also affected by Porter’s â€Å"Five Forces† model (especially the air travel industry). 2. 4 Organizational Structures This refers to the way an organization arranges its employees and jobs in order to meet their goals. If the group is very small and there is active communication, a formal structure is often not necessary. However, if we are dealing with a larger organization, it is often harder to make decisions and therefore, there must be established procedure for tasks and responsibilities’ allocation. 2. 5 Hofstede’s Theory Hofstedes research gives us insights into other cultures so that we can be more effective when interacting with people in other countries. It includes areas, such as Power Distance, Masculinity, Individualism, Uncertainty Awareness, and Long-Term Orientation. . 6 Cultural Elements According to Bauer and Erdogan (2009), culture may not be immediately observable, identifying a set of values that might be used to describe an organization’s culture helps us identify, measure, and manage culture more effectively. The organization culture profile described by Bauer and Erdogan includes 7 main dimensions – innovative, aggressive, outcome-oriented, stable , people-oriented, team-oriented, and detail oriented ( (Please see the Appendix 1 for visual information). 2. 7 Motivation Motivation consists of internal and external factors that stimulate the desire and energy in people to be interested and committed to a job. They put persistent effort into their jobs in order to reach the goals. 2 Analysis of Southwest Airlines 3. 8 Industry The recent economical and financial downturn severely impacted the airline industry in 2009 and brought only small increases in 2010. The recession negatively influenced the discretional income of travellers. More precisely, the leisure travellers’ and business travellers’ budget changes resulted with a sudden decrease in their demand. Therefore, corporate policies tightened and generally the demand for travelling decreased. On the other hand, demand for substitute products, such as video conferences and surface travel, has increased. As a result, many airlines, including Southwest Airlines, responded with capacity cuts and fare discounting. On the other hand, Southwest used the opportunity also to further expand and because of its low-fare services, it could enter new markets as well. 3. 9 Company’s Overview Southwest Airlines is described on the NASDAQ profile as â€Å"a major passenger airline that provides scheduled air transportation in the US†. The company primarily serves short-haul routes, but over the recent years they have expanded their services to medium and long-haul routes as well. Their unique feature is that it only operates with Boeing 737 as it is a domestic low cost carrier company and it was necessary to have aircrafts that are easy to maintain and repair. If a company only uses one type of aircraft, the technical issues are easy to minimize. It is important to mention that according to its annual report (2009), its low fare system and point-to-point service, despite the overall decline in the aviation industry in the 2009 recession; Southwest expanded by opening four new routes ( New York, Minneapolis, Boston and Milwaukee). Based on the most recent data available from the U. S. Department of Transportation, it was the largest air carrier in the United States (measured by the number of originating passengers boarded). Today, the company’s headquarter is in Dallas, Texas and employs 34,726 people. Based on the company’s NASDAQ profile and according to the annual report of Datamonitor, Southwest recorded revenues of $10,350 million during the financial year ending in December 2009, a decrease of 6. 1% compared to 2008. The operating profit of the company was $262 million during 2009, a decrease of 41. 6% compared to 2008. The net profit was $99 million in 2009, a decrease of 44. 4% compared to FY2008. Their New York Stock Exchange ticket is LUV, which is cleverly used also in their internal and external marketing as well, connecting it as an easy going way of saying LOVE. 3. 10 SWOT Analysis Strengths Applying Herb Kellehers unorthodox leadership style, which executes a different hierarchical framework to solve the customer problems more efficiently. Employees can ask for advice more flexibly because if necessary they can go around the direct superiors. * Unique features: â€Å"Bags fly free †promotion,â€Å" Ding desktop gadget for tickets and an â€Å"Online T ravel Guide Community† feature. * Providing point-to-point, and low cost service. Which results in the optimizing the key assets (aircraft, gates, and employees). * Specialâ€Å"In-Flight Entertainment† as product differentiation. * Saving maintenance expenses by using the same air carrier. Using SWABIZ a free online reservation tool specifically designed for business travellers. * Executing a remarkable fuel hedge strategy that saves the airline vast number of costs every year. Weaknesses * Not using the usual â€Å"Reserved Seating† and seat scaling of different classes. * Being dependent on a single manufacturer (Boeing) * Onlyon domestic market. Opportunities * Room for expansion still exists (national and international markets). * Rapid growth of Hispanic population could serve as the basis of a new marketing campaign targeting the Hispanic youth as their future target segment. Offering private flights designed for business travellers, Southwest could reach out to a very profitable segment. * Investing in technology could increase the company’s profitability by reducing costs or by offering more unique services. Threats * Satisfying the passengers’ demand of different classes without scattering the image. * Since the pilots’ average fly ing hours were above the industry’s hours and the flight attendants are cleaning the planes, employee dissatisfaction could increase and result in lower customer service. Constant updates on competitors’ online ticket reservation systems. * The economic phenomenon of fuel price fluctuation. * The security issues after 9/11. * The appearance of legal regulations that might impact the use of Boeing 737 (noise reduction policies etc. ) To correctly interpret the above data, it is important to realise that Southwest has much less weaknesses than strengths, both external and internal. In addition, if we carefully observe those weaknesses, they are actually the characteristic features of low cost carriers. Therefore, they are not considered as real weaknesses that could ultimately be solved in the future. Moreover, the unique fuel hedge strategy they have protects them from most external threats. The organizational culture they have developed protects them from most internal threats. 3. 11 External Analysis In case of the Airline industry, this is the most important force nowadays, since the market is completely oversupplied. However, Southwest has performed extremely well in recent years but the new low-cost entrants remain as potential threats. 3. 2 Organizational Structure The organizational structure of Southwest is a typical hierarchical structure – centralized and formal. According to Rivera et al. (2003), only the Executive Vice Presidents and top managers have the task of reporting directly to the CEO and they are also the ones who are responsible for making strategic decisions that are significant for the future of the organization. It seems that the CEO and top managem ent team trust the middle managers. Moreover, the top managers make themselves available to employees on the front line. Southwest has a „Loose tight design† (Buller 2006). Employees are encouraged to try new things because they have an informal job description. In addition, they are also given the freedom to innovate as long as they keep the necessary safety standards. They do what is necessary in order to satisfy the customer needs. Besides the customer awareness system the company provides â€Å"room to grow†. The top management team develops leadership and communication skills for lower level management, and 90% of supervisory positions are filled internally. Therefore, it follows both a mechanistic model and an organic model. The first model is used on the upper level (corporate office and cabin crew) and the organic model is used where safety and time is not of high priority. 3. 13 Hofstede’s Theory * Power distance: Employees have informal job descriptions and are encouraged to be innovative. We can say the less powerful members of the organisation accept that power is distributed unequally because they are satisfied how they are treated. * Uncertainty avoidance: It’s quite low because employees are not afraid of ambiguous situations. Roles are less written down than among other competitors. Employees use their image and knowledge. * Individualism: Team work is an essential requirement at Southwest. However, the evaluation of employees is based on individual performances (e. g. collecting compliment cards from passengers can result in promotions). * Masculinity: Southwest Airlines is a feminine company. Cooperation plays significant role; the atmosphere is friendly and the stress level is low. * Long-Term Oriented: They have a way of thinking and acting that it is better to move at a slow pace and do it well. The proof of that is the fact how many restrictions they had in the beginning yet made it to the level they are at today. 3. 14 Organizational Culture Southwest Airlines has a very team-oriented culture. They cross-train their employees so that when there is any need, they can help each other. Furthermore, the company emphasizes on the importance of intact work team. They have daily meetings twice a day („Morning overview meeting† and „Daily afternoon discussion†). In those meetings, they try to understand the problems and potential solutions as a team. Moreover, when the company hires people, one of the key characteristics that they look for is being a team player. If the candidate doesn’t fit those criteria, he/she is not hired. This is a great culture, as the interpersonal relationships in the company are much less tense and less competitive, which eventually creates a positive work atmosphere and employee loyalty to the company. Not only is there a good attitude among the employees, but also among the workers and their managers. Even though Service is not included in those dimensions, Southwest Airlines is very strong in that area too. This means that the employees are taught to serve the customers well (â€Å"The customer is the king†). Employees have the power to decide to solve issues with the customers – they decide on the right course of action as they have direct contact with the customers (Please see Appendix 2 for more details). 3. 15 Motivation Southwest Airlines is a perfect example of how the employees are motivated to such high degree that they „Luv† their job. The employees can come to work dressed in shorts, sneakers, and polo shirts. They’re encouraged to be positive and joke around (hence the name „Fun-in-the-sky airline†). The CEO, Herb Keller, believes that a company is stronger if it is bound by love, rather than fear. Southwest Airlines has become one of the most loved companies in the world and even their mission explains why – „Employees are our first customers†. It makes sense – if you treat the employees well, they treat the customers well. They send cards to all of their employees on their birthdays, anniversary of employment, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. Furthermore, they have fun competitions held regularly (e. g. Halloween costume contest, Thanksgiving poem contest, an Annual Chilli Cook-off). They have also received awards for being the best for on-time performance and baggage handling and the least complaint receiving, which also motivates the employees. The employees are also rewarded and recognized if they have performed outstandingly. 4. Conclusion and Recommendations Alyssa 5. References 1. Southwest Airlines (Internet) Available from:†¹ southwest. com/about_swa/why_fly_southwest. html †º [Accessed on November 24. 2010] 1. Youtube (Internet) Available from: †¹ youtube. com/watch? v=tnOxvbGOTbM †º [Accessed on November 24. 010] 2. Naylor, J. (2004), Management, Prentice Hall Financial Times, the United Kingdom 3. Bauer, T. amp; Erdogan, B. (2009) â€Å"Organizational Behaviour† Available from : †¹ flatworldknowledge. com/node/28971#web-28971†º [Accessed on November 24. 2010] 4. Nelson, B. (2002) â€Å"Motivation Matters : Southwest Employees LUV their job† Available from : †¹http://meetingsnet. com/corporatemeetingsincentives/meetings_motivation_matters_southwest/†º [Accessed on November 24. 2010] 5. Tatum, M. (2010) â€Å"What is SWOT Analysis? † Available from: lt; isegeek. com/what-is-swot-analysis. htmgt; [Accessed on November 23. 2010] 6. ‘May 2009 Airline Traffic Data: System Traf fic Down from May 2008’ Available from: lt; bts. gov/press_releases/2009/bts039_09/pdf/bts039_09. pdfgt; [Accessed on November 23. 2010] 7. Southwest Airlines (2010) Available from: lt; southwest. comgt; [Accessed on November 23. 2010] 8. (2010) Southwest NASDAQ profile Available from: lt;http://quotes. nasdaq. com/asp/SummaryQuote. asp? symbol=LUVamp;selected=LUVgt; [Accessed on November 23. 010] 9. Southwest Annual Profile (2010) Available form: †¹ datamonitor. com/store/Product/southwest_airlines_co? productid=DEFBDE99-9B78-4A63-BE9C-7EA7568D476E†º [Accessed on November 23. 2010] 10. Heynold, Y. and Rosander, J. (2006) â€Å"A new organizational model for airlines† Available from: †¹https://www. mckinseyquarterly. com/A_new_organizational_model_for_airlines_1700†º [Accessed on November 23. 2010] 11. Unknown Author, â€Å"The Airline Industry And Porter Five Model Forces† (2010) Available from: †¹ oppapers. om/essays/Airline-Industry-P orter-Five-Model-Forces/122555†º [Accessed on November 23. 2010] 12. â€Å"Organizational Culture and Management at Southwest Airlines† (2009) Available from: †¹ docstoc. com/docs/9480710/Organizational-Culture-and-Management-at-Southwest-Airlines†º [Accessed on November 23. 2010] 13. Brews, P. J. amp; Tucci, C. L. (2004), â€Å"Organizational Structure† Available from: †¹ oppapers. com/essays/Airline-Industry-Porter-Five-Model-Forces/122555†º [Accessed on November 23. 2010] 6. Appendices Appendix 1: The Organization Culture Profile Appendix 2:

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